Bmw x4 depreciation. 0-liter I-6 producing 473 hp and 457 lb-ft of torque—an increase of 15 lb-ft over the 2021 model. Bmw x4 depreciation

 
0-liter I-6 producing 473 hp and 457 lb-ft of torque—an increase of 15 lb-ft over the 2021 modelBmw x4 depreciation  Eurokars Auto

News and World Report, the BMW 7 Series sedan has the highest new car depreciation rate, losing up to 72. BMW Z4. Explore. Lower depreciation equals a higher rating. According to J. Are you researching the depreciation rates in a BMW X4 M? On this page, we'll list all the depreciation information for the 1 years of data we have for the BMW X4 M - from 2020 to the most recent model in 2020. The 2024 BMW X6 starts at $73,900 for the base xDrive40i model. You generally can't deduct in one year the entire cost of property you acquired, produced, or improved and placed in service for use either in your trade or business or income-producing activity if the property is a capital expenditure. 3 percent of its value and the 2020 BMW X4 loses 47. The BMW X4 ground clearance is between 7. $25,510 /yr View models with similar depre: Reg Date: 28-Oct-2016 (2yrs 11mths 2days COE left) Mileage. 7 percent of its value. 2024 BMW X4 M. Save on your next BMW X4 with the Best Price Program. out of 10. The X3 crossover challenges the likes of the Audi Q5, Volvo XC60,. BMW i3 Depreciation. View detailed. Check depreciation for other BMW vehicles. The midlevel X4 M40i starts at $65,400 and it adds a 382-horsepower turbocharged inline-six engine. Depending on the variant, the 2023 BMW X4 measures as below. Legroom, Front/rear (in) 41. Looking at the 5-year depreciation rate for both models, the 2022 BMW X4 loses 47. $45,250. Every BMW X4 comes with intelligent all-wheel drive that delivers torque to all four wheels as needed. BMW X4 Depreciation; BMW X4 Turning circle; BMW X4 Engine capacity; BMW X4 Extra urban consumption; BMW X4 Bore x stroke; BMW X4 Fuel costs; BMW X4 Fuel system;BMW X3 M40i. Check out the Ground Clearance. Bonus Depreciation: 100% for 2021. The value of a 2021 BMW 4 Series, or any vehicle, is determined by its age, mileage, condition, trim level and installed options. 0-liter turbo-four - eight-speed automatic transmission. 89% chance that a BMW will require a major repair during that time. It might not lose half its value the second you drive it off the lot, but even. 2023. A 2020 BMW X1 has a forecasted 5 year depreciation rate of 56%. Starting at $68,493, the base sDrive 40i comes with a 3. Owners' experience with this brand's dealerships during the purchase and service process make up this rating. $74,595. BMW X6 M. Output 503 Horsepower / 442 Pound-Feet. 0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) price, the xDrive28i 4dr SUV AWD (2. £570 per year. 2023 BMW X4. Get KBB Fair Purchase Price, MSRP, and dealer invoice price for the 2023 BMW X4 M40i. Automatic. BMW offers higher MPG for its vehicles in their base trim in 1 out of 1 comparisons. CO2 emissions in g/km (combined): 192-171. In the same way Lexus has a reputation for building some of the most reliable cars you can buy, Land Rover has a reputation for doing the. 0-liter I-6 producing 473 hp and 457 lb-ft of torque—an increase of 15 lb-ft over the 2021 model. M40i Sport Utility 4D. $34,890. Let’s take that same $50,000 car from the example above. Enter Zipcode. BMW offers a greater towing capacity in 1 out of 1 comparisons. The X4 M40i starts at $64,650, and the high-performance X4 M begins at $76,400. 2023 BMW i7 electric. The 2019 BMW X2 True Cost to Own includes depreciation, taxes, financing, fuel costs, insurance, maintenance, repairs, and tax credits over the span of 5 years of ownership. Depreciation BMWs typically hold their value well compared to premium rivals, and the X4 is no exception, with an average of 55 per cent of its original value retained over a three-year/36,000. 6%. Leasing the BMW 5 Series can be a good option through a variety of lease deals, options, and packages. *Representative example. The X3 M’s Competition. The 2023 BMW X4 starts at $53,400 for the base xDrive30i model. Depreciation — the difference between what you paid and what the. For example, the X4, X2, 2-Series, and 4-Series are the least reliable BMWs with a maximum of 80,000 – 140,000 miles. In 5 years its value is expected to decrease approximately $69,990 from its new price of around $116,650 down to $46,660. View detailed. 5-7. 3 percentage points more of its value and has the advantage of higher resale value versus the BMW 5 Series. This represents a substantial tax savings for business owners. How much is a 2019 BMW 8 Series? Edmunds provides free, instant appraisal values. BMW Maintenance Costs. Mazda. M40i Sport Utility 4D. 30. 杰運汽車新創立「杰運汽車資訊交流群」!歡迎加入這個大家庭,想要了解汽車資訊,或者是想要參與企劃內容!!跟著我們一起了解車! 研究車! 鑽研. Contact Critz BMW if you’d like more information about the tax breaks your business may qualify for under the Section 179. 0-liter turbocharged inline four-cylinder producing 248 hp and 258 lb-ft of torque. The Honda HR-V takes the top spot with a 10. View detailed. 2022 INFINITI QX55 Resale/Retained Value. (2014-2020) Find all new bmw m4 cars for sale in Singapore. It's propelled by a 382-horsepower turbocharged inline-six that rockets this SUV to 60 mph in 4. When comparing the BMW brand to the Smart brand, BMW has the advantage in the areas of used car pricing, depreciation, horsepower, fuel efficiency and variety of models offered. The X4 dimensions is 4751 mm L x 2138 mm W x 1621 mm H. With its dynamic design, powerful performance, and advanced features, the X4 is perfect for those who crave both versatility and elegance. 8. BMW - X4; BMW 5-Series; BMW - M5; BMW 6-Series; BMW - M6; BMW 7-Series; BMW i3; BMW i8; BMW - X5 M; BMW - X3; BMW - X5; BMW - X6; BMW Z4; Choose Car. X3. Depreciation. The 2023 BMW X4 True Cost to Own includes depreciation, taxes, financing, fuel costs, insurance, maintenance, repairs, and tax credits over the span of 5 years of ownership. The 2021 is our top pick for the best model year value for the BMW vehicles. The MSRP in 2012 was $56,700 (invoice $52,000), so after three years, the premium diesel SUV is still worth quite a bit of. Build & Price View Inventory. A comparison of BMW versus Dodge overall quality ratings shows Dodge with higher quality ratings in 3 out of 3 model comparisons. Consumer Guides. That’ll get you 335 horsepower and 330 ft. 0L DOHC 24 valve inline-6 turbocharged engine. 3. 0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) price, the sDrive28i 4dr SUV (2. 3L. 0-liter I-6 producing 473 hp and 457 lb-ft of torque—an increase of 15 lb-ft over the 2021 model. BMW 2 Series Gran Tourer Diesel. Car Depreciation Rates and Curves by Make and Model. The 2021 is our top pick for the best model year value for the BMW vehicles. All-wheel drive (known as xDrive) is another $2,000 and most buyers choose it. The BMW X3 2023 price starts at $46,200 for the sDrive30i and an additional $995 is levied as a destination fee. 0-liter turbocharged inline four-cylinder producing 248 hp and 258 lb-ft of torque. The Only Place For Smart Car Buyers. Discover the future of electric performance. com. 20 Matches. Read our analysis and view the Honda depreciation curve here. Leasing the BMW i4 can be a good option through a variety of lease deals, options, and packages. That’s for the sDrive30i version with rear-wheel drive. £570 per year. Latest price, photos & features of Used 2022 BMW X4 Mild Hybrid xDrive30i M-Sport for sale by Performance Premium Selection Limited in Singapore. 7 percent of its value and the Toyota 4Runner loses 24. BMW X4 xDrive30i: Fuel consumption in l/100 km (combined): 7. BMW 530i. Drives: 2020 M4 ZCP / 2023 X3 M40i. $56,650. Highs Graceful driving dynamics, powerful optional engine, surprisingly good. 7 percent of its value and the Porsche Macan S loses 37 percent of its value. S. KBB Fair Purchase Price (nat'l average) Sport Utility 4D. BMW vehicles offer higher maximum horsepower numbers in their base trim in 1 out of 1 model comparisons. Check the sDrive M40i 2dr Convertible (3. 540i xDrive Sedan 4D. Model Year Forecast ValueHow much is a 2022 BMW X1? Edmunds provides free, instant appraisal values. BMW offers 23 gasoline vehicles, 5 plug-in hybrids, and 4 electric vehicles. The recently enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act has provided new. Performance Motors | Eurokars Auto. The average lease payment for the BMW i4 is $579/mo with. (2016-2019) BMW 2 Series Active Tourer Diesel. Our BMW Z4 depreciation calculator is an easy-to-use tool that helps you estimate your car's current and future value. The 2022 BMW 4 Series True Cost to Own includes depreciation, taxes, financing, fuel costs, insurance, maintenance, repairs, and tax credits over the span of 5 years of ownership. The more you drive a car, the more value loss it suffers. Mazda's resale values have improved, relative to their peers, and their rankings have climbed to the Top 5 range at all three time intervals. 2024 BMW 2-Series Gran Coupe. 9. Get KBB Fair Purchase Price, MSRP, and dealer invoice price for the 2022 BMW X4 M . The base BMW X4 xDrive30i gets its motivation from a turbocharged 2. Overview. The best-performing models for value retention will lose 19. Our sparsely optioned test vehicle, which included the M Sport and Dynamic Handling packages, carried a $58,995 [ED1. BMW 330I Depreciation. i7 M70. BMW X4 M40i: Fuel consumption in l/100 km (combined): 8. Latest price, photos & features of Used 2023 BMW X4 Mild Hybrid xDrive20i M-Sport for sale by TAG Auto in Singapore. 2 to 8. 83 /100. For reference, the 2021 BMW 7 Series originally had a starting sticker price of $87,795, with the range-topping 7 Series M760i xDrive Sedan 4D starting at. Read our residual value analysis and view the Mercedes-Benz G-Class depreciation curve here. 2020 BMW X5 55%. 0 liter turbocharged I6 with 300 hp and. Enter your purchase price, expected ownership. BMW X4 xDrive30i: Fuel consumption in l/100 km (combined): 8. When comparing the Polestar brand to the BMW brand, Polestar has the advantage in the areas of new car pricing, used car pricing, depreciation, horsepower, retained value and vehicle rankings. A BMW 4 Series will depreciate 44% after 5 years and have a 5 year resale value of $34,200. 2024 BMW X4 M. View detailed. A 2020 BMW 230I has a forecasted 5 year depreciation rate of 60%. The 2024 BMW X3 is a compact luxury SUV that features Pedestrian Detection, Start/Stop System, and Curve Adaptive Headlamps. The more you drive a car, the more value loss it suffers. BMW 4-Series; BMW - X4; BMW 5-Series; BMW - M5; BMW 6-Series; BMW - M6; BMW 7-Series; BMW i3; BMW - X5 M; BMW - X3; BMW - X5; BMW - X6; BMW Z4; Leave. Experience the performance, luxury, and innovation of the Ultimate Driving Machine today. 4. 0L 6cyl Turbo 8A) price, or any. Owners' experience with this brand's dealerships during the purchase and service process make up this rating. The BMW X4’s 40/20/40 split folding rear seats provide extra storage – so you can make room for all the equipment your next trip requires. The average monthly lease payment for the same deal but with a 24-month term length is $1,429/mo. KBB Fair Purchase Price (nat'l average) Sport Utility 4D. A 2020 BMW 530i has a forecasted 5 year depreciation rate of 60%. M550i xDrive Sedan 4D. BMW X4 Depreciation Calculator. The 2024 BMW X4 M is one of the most immensely admired vehicles you will find on the new or pre-owned market today. Let’s say you’re going to lease it for three years, and over those three years, it’s going to depreciate by $20,000. Read our analysis and view the Honda depreciation curve here. 2 inches longer, the X1 actually has. 20 Lakh in New Delhi (ex-showroom). $64,395. The 2024 BMW X4 starts at $55,000. Let's say it's worth 70,000. The 2021 BMW X4 with the M trim has the highest ground clearance of 8. 2020 BMW X4 52%. 5%. 0. BMW X6 Depreciation; Make & Model: BMW X6: Initial MSRP: $66,600: Forecasted Depreciation Rate: 53%: Forecasted Value Change In 5 Years: $35,298: Residual Value In 5 Years:. BMW M5 Depreciation. The figures refer to a vehicle with. BMW versus Mitsubishi: Horsepower, Fuel Efficiency and Towing Capacity. X4 (2) X5 (27) X6 (0) X7 (5) XM (5) BMW Road Home Sales Event 2023; Series Models. 7 percent of its value and the 2022 Genesis GV70 loses 43 percent of its value. Select a year. BMW vehicles offer higher maximum horsepower numbers in their base trim in 1 out of 1 model comparisons. Please consult. Beware of the 7 Series, as the resale numbers aren't pretty. The chart below shows the expected depreciation for the next 10 years. In 5 years its value is expected to decrease approximately $31,536 from its new price of around $58,400 down to $26,864. How much is a 2021 BMW X1? Edmunds provides free, instant appraisal values. With the 2021, you would only pay, on average, 91% of the price as new, with 92% of the vehicle's useful life remaining . Leasing the BMW 2 Series can be a good option through a variety of lease deals, options, and packages. Whether you're looking to buy a BMW X5 or a BMW X6, be sure to stop by our Sudbury BMW dealer to ask about how much you can save with the Section 179. FIAT offers 1 gasoline vehicle. Performance and Fuel Economy. Depreciation — the difference between what you paid and what the. BMW. Get latest pricing, specifications & photos on new bmw m4 models. The depreciation fee is the amount you’ll pay each month in depreciation. It also assumes a selling price of $86,671 when new. Select a BMW from below to calculate depreciation for it: BMW 1 Series; BMW 2 Series; BMW 2 Series Active Tourer; BMW 2 Series Gran Tourer; BMW 3 Series; BMW 3 Series Gran Turismo; BMW 4 Series; BMW 4 Series Gran Coupe; BMW 5 Series; BMW 5 Series Gran. BMW X4 M DepreciationM40i Sport Utility 4D. 8-speed automatic transmission, 21/26 mpg city/highway, and seating for five. Polestar offers 1 electric vehicle. 2 inches. The used car market has been crazy high over the last few years, and will hopefully return to normal. Model 3 has held its value, probably because of limited availibility of model Y. Start shopping for this Coupe SUV online today, or experience one in person at your local BMW Center. Current Retained Value Percentage VS. Your BMW X4 Sports Activity Coupe comes with a full complement. How much is a 2019 BMW Z4 worth? The value of a used 2019 BMW Z4 ranges from $30,112 to $39,682, based on vehicle condition, mileage, and options. With a bigger model number than the S5 comes more power—450 horses from a 4. 5 CO2 emissions in g/km (combined): 192-171. 0L 6cyl Turbo 8A) price, or any. ZIP Code. BMW offers 26 all-wheel-drive models, 2 front-wheel-drive models, and 14 rear-wheel-drive models. Tax Depreciation Comparison. 0-liter BMW M TwinPower Turbo inline 6-cylinder engine with 473 horsepower and 442 lb-ft of torque. BMW X4 Historical Depreciation Table Below is a historical table for the BMW X4 that displays year by year depreciation data. Lower depreciation equals a. Both have nicely shaped rear seats and both have diving rooflines limiting headroom. Receive a guaranteed highest price quote for your junk car from the best junk car buyer by filling out the form online. 56%. Under these circumstances, your business could deduct 100% of the X5 cost (a $66,570 Tax Deduction for Your Business), but your business can’t even deduct the normal 27% 1st-year deduction on the luxury sedan because that amount is CAPPED at $19,200. Dodge shows higher ratings for retained value in 3 out of 3 comparisons. In 5 years its value is expected to decrease approximately $57,922 from its new price of around $86,450 down to $28,528. Auto. For reference, the 2021 BMW X3 originally had a starting sticker price of $44,495, with the range-topping X3 M40i Sport Utility 4D starting at $62,695. For reference, the 2022 BMW X4 M originally had a starting sticker price of $74,595, with the range-topping X4 M Sport. Receive a guaranteed highest price quote for your junk car from the best junk car buyer by filling out the form online. $28,670. The values of fuel consumptions, CO2 emissions and energy consumptions shown were determined according to the European Regulation. How much is a 2022 BMW X4? Edmunds provides free, instant appraisal values. Take, for example, the $58,795 BMW X3 M40i, which sits between the X3 xDrive30i and the X3 M. BMW X4. View detailed ownership costs for the 2021 BMW 4 Series on Edmunds. Used BMW X4 for Sale on carmax. 2 cubic feet of its little sibling. 2023 BMW X4 [9. Honda continues to show strong value-retention results, with Top 5 finishes in all three measurement periods. A $995 destination fee applies to all X4 models. In comparison, Rivian offers only 1 SUV. IRS Section 179 depreciation deduction: Up to $27,000 in 2022 ($28,900 in 2023) of the cost of vehicles rated between 6,000 lbs GVWR and 14,000 lbs GVWR can be deducted using a section 179. The X4 M packs BMW's "S58" turbocharged 3. $78,300. The xDrive 30i, powered by a 248-horsepower, twin-turbo 2. A 2020 BMW 740i has a forecasted 5 year depreciation rate of 67%. 7 percent difference, and the Subaru Crosstrek with a 12. In 5 years its value is expected to decrease approximately $33,103 from its new price of around $47,975 down to $14,872. For 2023, a vehicle qualifying in the “heavy” category has a Section 179 tax deduction limit of $28,900. The Only Place For Smart Car Buyers. In 5 years its value is expected to decrease approximately $22,949 from its new price of around $43,300 down to $20,351. 1 seconds. Mitsubishi offers higher MPG for its vehicles in their base trim in 1 out of 1 comparisons. 0 inches while the 2023 BMW X4 with the xDrive30i Sports Activity trim has the lowest ground clearance of 7. 0L 4cyl Turbo 8A. 4. 2022 BMW X4 Specifications. Our BMW 3-Series depreciation calculator is an easy-to-use tool that helps you estimate your car's current and future value. BMW X7 Depreciation. This. Receive a guaranteed highest price quote for your junk car from the best junk car buyer by filling out the form online. 0L 4cyl Turbo 8A). Over 1 comparisons, BMW and Dodge vehicles tie for safety. The value of a 2020 BMW 4 Series, or any vehicle, is determined by its age, mileage, condition, trim level and installed options. 0-liter. Our BMW - X3 depreciation calculator is an easy-to-use tool that helps you estimate your car's current and future value. Both come with an eight-speed automatic transmission and all-wheel drive. Jeep earns the top two spots on the list, with the Jeep Wrangler having the lowest depreciation followed by its four. 82 /100. Smart versus BMW: Horsepower and Fuel. View detailed. Though it doesn't stand out in any one category, the BMW X3 is a capable all-rounder. BMW X4 xDrive30i: Fuel consumption in l/100 km (combined): 8. That car packs a 3. 3. For this (and the different datasets in this blog), we’ve used data from caredge. The 2022 BMW X4 has a starting MSRP of $51,800, which makes it one of the priciest vehicles in the class. Car Value. Depreciation; Any. 0-liter M TwinPower Turbo inline-six is the standard X4 M's beating heart, pouring 473 horsepower and 457 pound-feet of torque through a standard eight-speed automatic. The more you drive a car, the more value loss it suffers. No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only. It’s the original Sports Activity Coupe. Join Date: May 2005. Find the depreciation (or appreciation) rate and curve from 55 car manufacturers and 958 models. 0-liter four-cylinder engine that. 2019 BMW X4xDrive30i 4dr SUV. Find and calculate the depreciation of your BMW X4 for any stage of your ownership. Explore models, build your own, and find local inventory from a nearby BMW Center. Check X4 top model, on-road price in India, images, colours, reviews, variants & news. . How much is a 2021 BMW X4 worth? The value of a used 2021 BMW X4 ranges from $34,715 to $50,266, based on vehicle condition, mileage, and options. Forecasted Depreciation Rate. DeclanR said: Im about to buy a one year old i4M50 with 3,500 miles on the clock for £61,000 (UK Pounds). FIAT offers 1. $19,200. Small SUV 4WD. 00151 = 3. Select a BMW from below to calculate depreciation for it: BMW 1 Series; BMW 2 Series; BMW 2 Series Active Tourer; BMW 2 Series Gran Tourer; BMW. CO2 emissions in g/km (combined): 192-171. For reference, the 2018 BMW X4 originally had a starting sticker price of $51,995, with the range-topping X4 M40i Sport Utility 4D starting at $63,645. X4; X5. Dealership Experience. $28,819. A BMW X5 M50i will run you. 704, Depreciation. Including destination charge, it arrives with a Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) of about. Subaru. How much is a 2019 BMW X4? Edmunds provides free, instant appraisal values. $61,445. BMW offers 23 gasoline vehicles, 5 plug-in hybrids, and 4 electric vehicles. In 5 years its value is expected to decrease approximately $51,856 from its new price of around $92,600 down to $40,744. 2 Series (5). i4 M50. Book Online. Subaru. The X4 xDrive30i is equipped with a 2. $31,740 /yr View models with similar depre: Reg Date: 14-Mar-2023 (9yrs 5mths 2days COE left) Mileage. BMW X4 xDrive30i: Fuel consumption in l/100 km (combined): 8. The average lease payment for the BMW X2 is $557/mo with $2,000 due at signing for a 36-month term with 12,000 annual. Part of car ownership is dealing with depreciation once you drive off the dealership. How much is a 2019 BMW X3? Edmunds provides free, instant appraisal values. Competition Sport Utility 4D. Section 179 deduction dollar limits. 24. Overview. Save on your next BMW X4 with the Best Price Program. M40i Sport Utility 4D. In 5 years its value is expected to decrease approximately $61,376 from its new price of around $109,600 down to $48,224. 9sec. The 2021 BMW X1 True Cost to Own includes depreciation, taxes, financing, fuel costs, insurance, maintenance, repairs, and tax credits over the span of 5 years of ownership. Depreciation — the difference between what you paid. View. 9. 1. Call us now (855) 547-1550. For reference, the 2021 BMW X4 originally had a starting sticker price of $52,595, with the range-topping X4 M40i Sport Utility 4D starting at $62,695. BMW 4-Series; BMW - X4; BMW 5-Series; BMW - M5; BMW 6-Series; BMW - M6; BMW i3; BMW i8; BMW - X5 M; BMW - X3; BMW - X5; BMW - X6; BMW Z4; Choose Car. 2 / 5 for the X4. BMW 530e Depreciation. The value of a 2021 BMW 4 Series, or any vehicle, is determined by its age, mileage, condition, trim level and installed options. 5-Year Cost to Own includes out of pocket expenses like fuel and insurance, plus the car’s loss in value over time (depreciation). That’s for the well-equipped xDrive30i model, including all-wheel drive as standard. 2024 BMW X6 Pricing. Any. com11K views, 50 likes, 1 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Reels from 杰運汽車 Autostar 最透明的買車賣車平台: BMW X4 20I 鈑件更換沒發現 老闆直接慘賠10萬塊 進口豪華跑旅只開3年為什麼價格對半折 詳細實測分析給你看 Car Depreciation|領養代替購買|0-100加速|杰運汽. EPA-Rated Fuel Economy: 23/28 mpg city/highway. Unless you're buying a limited-run exotic, depreciation is just something you have to accept when you buy a new car. Dodge's value retention can best be described as "average", although they do better at the 5-year mark. Book an Appointment. 11 R 1 149 000 R 23 522 p/m No Rating 2023 BMW X4 xDrive20d M Sport. It’s much. The 2024 BMW X4 is a compact luxury SUV that features Panoramic Moonroof, Power Trunk/Liftgate, and In-Car WiFi. That engine is joined to an eight-speed automatic transmission and AWD. 2 / 54. $986 for BMW models. BMW offered the. Tax Depreciation Comparison Listed below are three comparisons that illustrate the tax depreciation advantages for business owners who purchase a new BMW X5, X6, or X7 before December 31, 2022†. The xDrive30i has a 248-horsepower turbocharged four-cylinder engine. Save up to $4,732 on one of 329 used 2021 BMW X4 M40is near you. $65,495. I've noticed that 2022 M4 verts with $90k+ original stickers are selling for less then the M4 coupes with lower original MSRPs. This sport-minded BMW X3 M40i SUV features a powerful inline 6-cylinder engine with performance that only BMW M engineering can deliver. Combining the advantages of an SUV with the style of a coupe it’s the original Sports Activity Vehicle. Honda. A 2020 BMW M2 has a forecasted 5 year depreciation rate of 60%. Rivian offers 2 electric vehicles.